If you know of some other great book arts places to visit in the U.S., please let me know about them in the comments section, and I'll add them to the list.
State Centers for the Book: The Library of Congress website has listings for all 50 state centers for the book. They are non-affiliated organizations, and their programs vary quite a bit, but I'm including this website, as some of the state centers may have postings about book arts - related events.
Alabama
University of Alabama M.F.A. in the Book Arts Program
http://www.bookarts.ua.edu/
http://www.bookarts.ua.edu/
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
The American Bookbinders Museum - http://www.bookbindersmuseum.com/
The San Francisco Center for the Book: http://sfcb.org/
Bay Area Book Artists' Book Arts Jam: http://www.bookartsjam.org/index.php
Pacific Center for the Book Arts: http://pcba.info/
Sonoma County Book Arts Guild, Sebastopol, CA (www.socobag.blogspot.com)
Colorado
Conneticut
Delaware
Florida
University of Tampa Book Arts Studio: http://tampabookartsstudio.blogspot.com/
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Jim Croft -- Old Ways Bookbinding Workshops: http://www.traditionalhand.com/oldway/
(I blogged about attending one of Jim Croft's workshops -- you can find the posts here)
Illinois
Chicago
Joan Flasch Artists Book Collection, School of the Art Institute
http://digital-libraries.saic.edu/cdm4/about_jfabc.php?CISOROOT=/jfabc
Newberry Library
http://www.newberry.org
Columbia College Center for the Book and Paper Arts
http://www.colum.edu/Academics/Interarts/index.php?site=CBPA
Northwestern University Library - Special collections
http://www.library.northwestern.edu/libraries-collections/evanston-campus/special-collections
University of Chicago Library - Special collections
http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/spcl
Bookman's Alley-Evanston
http://evanstonillinois.net/booksmansalley.html
Powell's Bookstores
http://www.powellschicago.com
Joan Flasch Artists Book Collection, School of the Art Institute
http://digital-libraries.saic.
Newberry Library
http://www.newberry.org
Columbia College Center for the Book and Paper Arts
http://www.colum.edu/
Northwestern University Library - Special collections
http://www.library.
University of Chicago Library - Special collections
http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/
Bookman's Alley-Evanston
http://evanstonillinois.net/
Powell's Bookstores
http://www.powellschicago.com
Center for Book and Paper Arts: http://www.colum.edu/book_and_paper/
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Boston Paper Collective: http://bostonpapercollective.wordpress.com/about/
North Bennet Street School (has bookbinding courses): http://www.nbss.org/
Carriage House Paper's papermaking museum in Brookline, just outside of Boston (by appointment)
Michigan
Kalamazoo Book Arts Center: http://www.kalbookarts.org/index.html
Minnisota
Cave Paper (in Minneapolis): http://www.cavepaper.com/
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
Wells College Book Arts Center: http://www.wells.edu/bkarts/info.htm
Western New York Book Arts Center (http://www.wnybookarts.org/
Genesee Center for the Arts: http://www.geneseearts.org/
New York City:
The New York Center for Book Arts: http://www.centerforbookarts.org/
Dieu Donne : http://www.dieudonne.org/
Bright Hill Press & Literary Center: http://www.brighthillpress.org
The Morgan Library: http://www.themorgan.org/home.asp
Booklyn artist's book alliance: http://www.booklyn.org/index.php
Central Booking: http://centralbookingnyc.com/
Calvin-Morris Gallery (sometimes has artist book exhibitions) : http://www.cavinmorris.com/
New York Central Art Supply (has book art supplies): http://www.nycentralart.com/
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Dard Hunter's Studios http://www.dardhunter.com
Morgan Conservatory in Cleveland http://www.morganconservatory.org/
Paper Circle (South East Ohio's Center for Paper and Book Arts): http://www.papercircle.org/
Oklahoma
Oregon
C.C. Stern Type Foundry http://www.ccsterntype.org/
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Museum of Printing History in Houston, TX. The Houston Book Arts Group meets there.
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
Seattle Center for Book Arts: http://seattlebookarts.org/
Book Arts Guild: http://bookartsguild.org/
University of Washington Book Arts Collection: http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/collections/bookarts.html
Wessel and Lieberman Booksellers (they sell artist books): http://www.wlbooks.com/cgi-bin/wlb455.cgi/index.html?id=2QbhcRj6
Washington, DC
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming